CORE TECHNOLOGY / HOW WE BUILD

Capture the skill.
Teach the feel.

Start with data. Validate on one task. Extend to more robots. Two connected disciplines turn human contact intelligence into something machines can learn: acquisition and learning.

The problem begins at contact.

When a connector catches, a skilled worker reads the force and adjusts the angle. When a hose pulls tight, they change the supporting hand. That judgment lives in what they feel and how they respond, as much as in the path they follow.

We develop both the interfaces that let people demonstrate their natural skill and the frameworks that learn physical interaction from those records. From hardware that stays out of the way to representations that preserve what force means.

Acquisition / The skill in arms and wrists

Kinesthetic skill acquisition. Recording the ability to work through force and movement requires three things to come together.

  • 01

    A stable foundation for teaching

    We manage energy in the bilateral loop so demonstrations can continue through communication delays and hard contact. Time-domain passivity research guides our validation of stability conditions and real hardware behavior.

    • TDPA
    • Bilateral control
    • Contact transitions
  • 02

    Hardware that lets the hand lead

    Low inertia, low friction, and compensation control aim to reduce the device’s own resistance. We design the bimanual workspace and handle placement together so operators spend less effort working against the hardware.

    • Hardware development
    • Bimanual coordination
    • Friction compensation
  • 03

    Feel the surface. Move freely.

    Hard surfaces should feel distinct. Free motion should feel natural. We study stiffness rendering, delay, and force distortion together to help operators distinguish subtle changes in contact.

    • High-stiffness rendering
    • Transparency
    • Energy dissipation

Research behind acquisition

Explore the thinking and methods behind the research.

Acquisition / Touch, without getting in its way

Tactile skill acquisition. Contact location, pressure, and slip all change how we work. Our sensing glove aims to capture that information while preserving the operator’s feel for texture and stiffness.

Our development goal is greater task realism than existing published gloves. We consider thickness, flexibility, surface friction, and comfort together, and plan comparisons against bare-hand task time, success, and force use. Comparative performance has not yet been established.

People should demonstrate their own skill, without adapting to an awkward glove. That is why we evaluate the naturalness of the demonstration alongside sensor resolution.

Representation / Contact and response, kept together

We connect task video, robot commands and actual motion, operator force and stiffness adjustment, environmental contact force, and fingertip touch. Attention to objects and contact points adds context.

We preserve each sensor’s original timing and distinguish measurements from estimates and annotations. Records include successful motion as well as retreats, retries, and the task stages they belong to.

Learning / Representations that understand force

Beyond turning tactile input into images for a vision encoder, we study frameworks that learn the relationship between force history and action.

  • Learning from haptic data

    Contact direction, magnitude, change, slip, and operator force adjustment become physically meaningful representations. The goal is to learn when force was applied, why, and how it changed the next action.

    • Physical representations
    • Temporal resolution
    • Contact state
  • Connecting VLAs to contact response

    We pair contact observations and responses with VLAs that understand objects and tasks. Using the same task and data budgets as current baselines, we evaluate success, damage, recovery, and completion time.

    • VLA
    • Policy learning
    • Field evaluation
  • World models informed by human contact strategies

    We explore predictions of contact state, force change, and action outcomes alongside visual futures. The research direction combines force data from physics engines with records of how real operators respond to resistance and uncertainty.

    • World models
    • Predicting action outcomes
    • Human contact strategies

Research into learning contact

Explore the thinking and methods behind the research.

One task today. Broader intelligence ahead.

We start with tasks we can define and evaluate, such as connector assembly. We vary parts and conditions, study failures, and collect the data needed to improve. Task-specific evaluation criteria connect through Dream Set to records for learning.

We aim to bring intelligence to existing robots and equipment. Integration requires review of control interfaces, sensors, and safety needs. Haptic representations and world models are development directions, not claims of a finished, validated general-purpose product.

From research to real tasks.

See how the research connects to acquisition hardware, datasets, and field applications.